Kubernetes is an object-oriented framework for orchestration of Docker containers. While running basic Kubernetes objects like pods and services is essential to all Kubernetes applications, what controller to use should be based on several factors. Let’s explore some advanced controller options for additional features.

For data storage with Kubernetes, pod-based storage is not persistent, so external storage is necessary. A volume is a directory that is accessible to all containers in the pod, and it exists as long as the pod exists. Several types of volumes are supported, so let's explore some of these Kubernetes storage options.

SQL is used to query a relational database, where data is organized into relations. But relational databases do not meet the needs of web-scale information systems—this is where NoSQL storage and retrieval information systems come in. Let's look at the differences between SQL and NoSQL and when you would use either.